Routing is the process to establish the communication path between communicating entities to enable communication in any networking model by forwarding the information in terms of packets. MANET is wireless infrastructure free peer to peer network. Routing in MANET is establish based on consideration that the nodes are cooperative. Malicious nodes do not cooperate for […]

The coping, modifying a block of code is identified as cloning and is the most basic means of software reuse. It has been extensively used within the software development community. An official survey which is carried out within large, long term software development project suggested that 25-30% of modules in system may be cloned. This paper begins with background concept […]

Software development is a knowledge-intensive work and the main attention is how to manage it. The systematic reviews of empirical studies presents, how knowledge management is used in software engineering and development work. This paper presents how knowledge is used in agile software development and how knowledge is transferred to agile software using agile manifesto. […]

Software is critical assets for modern enterprises and incorporates key knowledge over the life of an organization. Although this software must be update continuously to reflect evolving business practices, repeated modification has cumulative effect on system complexity and too fragile to modify and too important to discard. However  organization must consider modernizing this software to remain […]